1/ The Great National Assembly of Turkey and Its Place Between Sultanate and Republic
di Erik Jan ZÜRCHER
con una prefazione di Çiğdem OĞUZ
Diacronie. Studi di Storia Contemporanea, N. 54, 2|2023
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| ABSTRACT | TESTO INTEGRALE | L’AUTORE | REFERENZE | LICENZE |
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“2.TBMM” by faruk on Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0)
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Italiano
È ormai una consuetudine affermare che all’Impero Ottomano sia succeduta la Repubblica di Turchia. Tuttavia, non è vero. Quando il sultanato ottomano fu abolito nel novembre del 1922, l’abolizione in sé non fu contestata in modo feroce. I dibattiti si concentrarono su altre due questioni: sulla creazione di un Califfato “spirituale” (una novità assoluta nel mondo dell’Islam) e soprattutto sulle garanzie per il mantenimento del sistema di governo all’epoca vigente ad Ankara. Tale sistema era quello dell’Assemblea Nazionale, che eleggeva al suo interno i singoli commissari. Fu questo sistema politico, con un corpo legislativo eletto molto potente e un esecutivo debole e dipendente, a sostituire l’Impero Ottomano.
Parole chiave: Assemblea nazionale turca, governo di Ankara, Mustafa Kemal, Repubblica turca, Sultanato ottomano.
English
It is almost a commonplace to say that the Ottoman Empire was succeeded by the Republic of Turkey. Nevertheless, it is not true. When the Ottoman sultanate was abolished in November 1922, that abolition in itself was not fiercely contested. The debates concentrated on two other issues: the creation of a “spiritual” Caliphate (a complete novelty in the world of Islam) and first and foremost guarantees that the current system of government in Ankara would be maintained. That system was that of the National Assembly which elected individual commissars from its midst. It was this political system, with a very powerful elected legislature and a weak and dependent executive, that replaced the Ottoman Empire.
Keywords: Ankara government, Mustafa Kemal, Ottoman sultanate, Turkish National Assembly, Turkish republic.
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Erik Jan Zürcher (Leiden, 1953) was awarded his Ph.D. at Leiden University in 1984. He has taught at Nijmegen and Amsterdam Universities and been attached to the International Institute of Social History twice (1990-99 as senior research fellow and 2008-12 as general director). From 1997 to 2018 he was full professor of Turkish Studies at Leiden University. 2018-20 he was director of the Leiden Institute of Area Studies. He has been a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences since 2008 and affiliate professor in Stockholm University from 2013 to 2016. Zürcher has written or edited twenty books, mostly on Turkey in the 20th century. His primary focus is on the transition from empire to nation state. His Turkey: A Modern History has been translated into ten languages, and been reprinted in Turkey over 25 times.
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ZÜRCHER, Erik Jan, «The Great National Assembly of Turkey and Its Place Between Sultanate and Republic», Diacronie. Studi di Storia Contemporanea, N. 54, 2|2023
URL: <http://www.studistorici.com/2023/06/29/zurcher_numero_54/>
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«The Great National Assembly of Turkey and Its Place Between Sultanate and Republic» by Erik Jan ZÜRCHER / Diacronie. Studi di Storia Contemporanea is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribuzione – Condividi allo stesso modo 4.0 Unported.
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